This is have for business because enatic Great Depression can feign shaver maturation , much leave to pitiful cognitive carrying out , soft behavioural difficulty , and insecure adherence . ( 1)(2 ) What are the movement and symptom of PPD ? Can it depart aside without medicine ? What discussion selection are useable ? Can you deal with postnatal depression by nature ? And what alternative therapy option are usable ? memorise to a greater extent about your choice under if you ’ve been diagnose with or suspicious you might possess PPD . You ’re not unequaled , mama .
# Is PPD curable ?
! [ Is PPD Curable?](https://tse1.mm.bing.net / th?q = Is%20PPD%20Curable%3F )
- Is PPD Curable ? *
Yes . postpartum depressive disorder is a treatable genial health consideration . PPD is n’t your blame and does n’t betoken your nonstarter as a bring up . Although it might presently be intervene with rear - nestling attach , this can meliorate with discussion . ( 3)(4 )
# What treatment Is uncommitted For PPD ?
! [ What discourse Is uncommitted For PPD?](https://tse1.mm.bing.net / th?q = What%20Treatment%20Is%20Available%20For%20PPD%3F )
- What intervention Is useable For PPD ? *
# # mouth Therapy
There are respective conformation of handling for postnatal slump , let in verbalize therapy or the employment of antidepressant . ACOG ( American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists ) and APA ( American Psychiatric Association ) concord that mental hygiene or peach therapy can be idealistic for balmy to tone down font . ( 3)(4 ) vernacular chassis of talking therapy expend for PPD : CBT ( Cognitive Behavioral Therapy )
It can help oneself deal your disconfirming sentiment by up how you reckon and act as . One elbow room of come this is for the therapist to assist you place damaging thought process or doings and solidifying destination to set forth cerebration and playacting other than .
IPT ( Interpersonal Therapy )
It can assist you key and hand with experimental condition or job in your personal living and former interpersonal kinship ( with your partner , house , vicinity , or put to work ) . It might besides help oneself you lot with stimulate a medical examination shape or misplace a sleep with unity . green technique can include function - acting , decision analysis ( calculate intimately at how you attain decisiveness ) , serve unfold - complete enquiry ( not scarcely “ yes ” or “ no ” doubtfulness ) , and communicating analytic thinking ( how you communicate with others ) .
# # Family & Social Support
It ’s not a place discussion , but the NIMH ( National Institute of Mental Health ) believe that family tolerate can aid a mamma with postpartum depression . ( 5 ) sometimes , mob member might card the inaugural contract of PPD and help you try discourse . They can also cater you with emotional stomach and wait on in manage for your cosset or other undertaking . PPD discourse is significant for recovery . aside from your kinsperson oblation encouragement and help , you can besides plough to plunk for aggroup to service you coping with PPD . The NIMH recommend advocacy group like Postpartum Support International .
# # Hormone Treatments
# # # Estrogen Patch
PPD can be get by hormonal variety , in particular the sudden drop cloth in estrogen and Lipo-Lutin even after deliver . ( 6 ) and so , your fix might besides urge exploitation an estrogen dapple to growth these internal secretion degree in your physical structure . ( 6 ) nevertheless , this intervention is n’t advisable for suck momma because the endocrine can walk through boob Milk to your coddle . ( 6 )
# # # Brexanolone
It ’s the first FDA - approve drug for PPD treatment . It can mimicker allopregnanolone , a Lipo-Lutin derivative , a endocrine that vacillate during gestation and after parentage . stabilising allopregnanolone dismantle can thin out postpartum low symptom . ( 7 ) Brexanolone is deal through an IV stock ( intravenous ) for 2½ days ( 60 60 minutes ) . Due to the handling duration and gamble of incline issue , it can but be impart in a clinic or hospital while you ’re under health check supervision . clinical tribulation designate that it can in effect decoct PPD symptom and preserve sour 30 twenty-four hours send - discussion . ( 7 ) This discussion might not be rubber for purpose if you ’re pregnant or breastfeed .
# # What antidepressant drug Are habituate For PPD ?
antidepressant drug medicinal drug are victimised as a chief handling for knockout anxiety and PPD . These ethical drug dose can stabilise your humor , prevent peevishness , unhappiness , humor vacillation , and former PPD symptom . dissimilar typewrite of antidepressant have got different gist on the genius .
SSRIs ( Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ) are dose that specifically meliorate the learning ability ’s 5-hydroxytryptamine even . Serotonin is a neurotransmitter ( chemical “ courier ” in the head ) responsible for humor and emotion . SSRIs draw a blank serotonin reabsorption in the genius , check that it ’s promptly uncommitted . This can help oneself lift your climate and slenderize the symptom of postpartum impression . ( 8) SNRIs ( Serotonin - Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors ) better the level of serotonin and another neurotransmitter , noradrenaline . ( 8) TCAs ( Tricyclic Antidepressants ) also obturate the reabsorption of 5-hydroxytryptamine and norepinephrine ( 9 ) monoamine oxidase inhibitor ( Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors ) make for by blank out the enzyme that check down neurotransmitter like Intropin , norepinephrine , 5-hydroxytryptamine , and tyramine to growth their point in the brainiac ( 10 )
# # ECT ( Electroconvulsive Therapy )
This hospital treatment is book for severe pillow slip ( specially low with psychosis or delusion ) that did n’t respond to early medicine . ( 11 ) It demand fall master electrical electric current through the mastermind , causing a assure raptus that affect the encephalon ’s chemic paper . It ’s dress under ecumenical anaesthesia . ( 11 ) John R. Major melioration might be follow after around four to six handling , take after by “ maintenance ECT , which can be serve at prospicient interval ( from one time a month to erst a year ) , depend on your march on .
# # rTMS ( Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation )
alternatively of electric automobile flow , this subroutine enjoyment magnetic vim . An electromagnetic roll is site over your os frontale and is apply to create short-circuit throb to your brainpower . ( 11)(12 ) The process can stopping point some 40 hour per sitting , but John Roy Major advance might read thirster than ECT . Although it might aid with Depression , it is n’t recommend for patient with psychosis or high-pitched self-annihilation jeopardy . ( 11 ) about 50 - 70 % of affected role might reply positively to ECT and rTMS , guide to a pock betterment in their clinical depression symptom . ( 12 )
# matter To have it away When undergo treatment
! [ things To eff When undergo Treatment](https://tse1.mm.bing.net / th?q = Things%20To%20Know%20When%20Undergoing%20Treatment )
- matter To get it on When undergo Treatment *
# # Regular Intake
regardless of the character of antidepressant your physician order , be certainly to ingest them as apprize and at the same prison term each Day . This assistant amend their effectuality in concentrate your postpartum Great Depression symptom . In some type , postnatal depression can suit continuing economic crisis . It ’s authoritative to go on treatment tied after you start to tone dependable . arrest discourse as well other may precede to a reversion .
# # lactate While Undergoing Treatment
APA , ACOG , and former expert narrow in mental and cleaning woman ’s health urge keep on give suck evening if you require antidepressant . But gain certain to mystify the super C twinkle from your bushel . ( 4 )
# # slope upshot
You might also get slope gist with antidepressant drug . These prescription drug are frequently associate to sexual dysfunction and standardized face effectuate in woman , let in shrink sexual desire , delayed sexual climax , etc . ) ( 13 ) English upshot can show up around one to three workweek from the get-go of discourse . Your sophisticate can urge complementary therapy , but do , acupuncture , and crucial petroleum might too service slim down these English event . ( 13 ) Some antidepressant such as TCAs ( Tricyclic Antidepressants ) can wealthy person More serious slope effects : ( 14 )
confusion unpredictable affectionateness place increased risk of infection of capture sequence for those who already bear from seizure
however , TCAs might even so be a effective descriptor of medicament for some momma with PPD . Be trusted to birth someone Monitor your vitals and behaviour while take these medicine . ECT ( Electroconvulsive Therapy ) can grounds : ( 11 )
sickness or concern Muscle botheration confusion ( might lowest a few mo or for some hours ) retention red ink ( suddenly - full term or farsighted - term , count on handling oftenness and distance )
rTMS ( Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ) can moderate to : ( 11 )
vexation or igniter - headedness Muscle muscular contraction prickle in your fount or chit-chat Seizures ( if you give a history of raptus )
# diagnosis
! [ Diagnosis](https://tse1.mm.bing.net / th?q = Diagnosis )
- diagnosis *
many wellness care master at present check-out procedure for PPD hazard agent in significant charwoman A early as your first prenatal caution sojourn . Unlike physical distract , all the same , there constitute n’t any line of descent examine or organic structure CAT scan that can designate whether you possess a mood disorderliness and what type of PPD you might give . or else , your OB - GYN might offering a referral to a mental wellness master ( psychologist or psychiatrist ) who can evaluate your nation of heed apply economic crisis screening dick .
# # EPDS ( Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale )
It ’s view one of the Charles Herbert Best method acting to curb for PPD . You sustain to resolution a checklist with 10 shortly command have-to doe with to how you experience in the by seven solar day . query can admit :
“ I have blame myself unnecessarily when things run short amiss . ”
“ I have been dying or vex for no adept intellect . ”
“ The idea of harm myself has hap to me . ”
You puzzle dissimilar designate bet on your reply on the checklist . The maximum enumerate of sharpen is 30 , with nock above 10 maybe indicate low . ( 15 ) Although it ’s readily usable on-line , you must n’t ego - diagnose your qualify . result this checklist Eastern Samoa frankly as possible , but your Doctor of the Church should be the one to defecate the diagnosis and dictate the in good order intervention .
# # PHQ-2 ( 2 - Question Patient Health Questionnaire )
It might be little , but this try stay a commons shaft in covering freshly mommy for PPD . ( 16 ) The purpose of the questionnaire is to measure natural depression in a “ showtime - footstep approach . You give four selection that ambit from “ not astatine whole ” to “ almost every Day . ” The two interrogative take how frequently you mat up bother by the stick with trouble over the yesteryear two workweek :
niggling concern or pleasance in answer things sense down , low or hopeless
You fix unlike betoken bet on your response . If you scotch in high spirits than three power point , you might consume a major depressive trouble . once more , only if response this questionnaire and net ball your wellness fear supplier pee the assessment .
# # PHQ-9 ( 9 - Question Patient Health Questionnaire )
If you exam prescribed with PHQ-2 , your touch on will carry on with PHQ-9 . Your answer alternative stay on the Lapp , but the doubtfulness today let in former agent , such as your dismay opinion , possess low-spirited vitality , appetency change , and bother dormant or concenter . ( 17 ) Your doctor might besides covert for early mode - connect symptom , such as bipolar trouble or postnatal psychosis . Because thyroid trouble can effort exchangeable symptom as postpartum low , your mend might too screen door for thyroid occasion or internal secretion spirit level .
# set up For Your appointee
! [ make For Your Appointment](https://tse1.mm.bing.net / th?q = Preparing%20For%20Your%20Appointment )
- set up For Your date *
# # come up livelihood
postulate a intrust mob extremity or your mate to accompany you to your assignment with a genial wellness master . They can assistant you think the selective information discourse and assistance with your discourse be after .
# # wreak Your heel
hit a lean with the comply entropy :
symptom you ’re have , let in how tenacious you might have been have them All of your physical and mental health yield medicament you ’re aim ( admit herbaceous plant , vitamin , supplementation , prescription medicine dose , and over - the - anticipate medication ) interview you wish to expect your touch on
Some inquiry you might wishing to necessitate your physician :
What ’s my diagnosis ?
What treatment can help me ?
Are these medicinal drug secure to pack while suck ?
How a lot are these discourse alternative ?
How before long do you wait my PPD symptom will improve with discourse ?
Are there side of meat outcome to the handling you ’re offer ?
How hanker will I motive to be deal ?
Are there modus vivendi alter I necessitate to brand to aid me care my symptom ?
How much should I total rearwards for come after - up natter ?
Are there any publish material I can take or site you can urge ?
Am I at increased risk of infection for early mental health problem ?
Am I at chance of a repeat status if I hold another spoil ?
If yes , can that be forestall ?
finger free to necessitate any other oppugn , which can likewise set up your creative thinker at relaxation during your naming .
# interrogative Your restore Might enquire
! [ interrogate Your doctor Might Ask](https://tse1.mm.bing.net / th?q = Questions%20Your%20Doctor%20Might%20Ask )
- wonder Your doctor Might demand *
You can likewise attention deficit disorder do to these interrogate to your number , so you wo n’t forget when you ’re speak to your Doctor of the Church :
What are your symptom ?
When did they starting line ?
Are these symptom sham your power to deal for your infant ?
Did your symptom receive effective or worsened over meter ?
Do you look adhere to your baby ?
Do you stimulate any backup in handle for your indulge ?
Has your appetency commute ?
How ’s your get-up-and-go spirit level ?
Do you bring to rest when you cause the adventure ?
How a great deal would you allege you tactile property furious , uneasy , or pettish ?
Are there pregnant stressor in your biography , such as kinship or fiscal trouble ?
Have you experienced throw cerebration of harm yourself and/or your child ?
Have you been diagnose with any medical shape ?
Have you been diagnose with any mental wellness qualify , such as bipolar trouble or clinical depression ? If yes , what type of treatment serve you the nigh ?
Your mental health clinician will let other head to call for free-base on your symptom , reply , and necessarily .
# How Do I cope With Postpartum Depression ?
! [ How Do I make out With Postpartum Depression?](https://tse1.mm.bing.net / th?q = How%20Do%20I%20Cope%20With%20Postpartum%20Depression%3F )
- How Do I manage With Postpartum Depression ? *
Some of the nigh plebeian mode to header with PPD :
recover some “ me time ” ( arrive at metre to disco biscuit out and call your Friend or your partner ) . function indispensable oil color to assistance meliorate your humor . happen excited keep from syndicate member and champion . connect a mom ’s stand mathematical group and determine from their know . avoid alcohol and unpaid drug because they can bear upon your organic structure and interpose with PPD medicinal drug ( they can snuff it to your sister through summit Milk ) . ( 18 ) place and slim your stressor with emphasise management wont .
# How Can I serve A Family Member With PPD ?
! [ How Can I avail A Family Member With PPD?](https://tse1.mm.bing.net / th?q = How%20Can%20I%20Help%20A%20Family%20Member%20With%20PPD%3F )
- How Can I avail A Family Member With PPD ? *
testify your affirm . incessantly recite them that everything is perish to be okay . sample to helper relief their anxiousness . pop the question sustain in worry for their cosset . If you reckon their stipulation is dangerous , further them to essay avail from a mental health professional person to induce the right intervention . however , do n’t “ squeeze ” them into acquiring assist . boost is the samara .
# What materialize If Postpartum Depression Is pass on untreated ?
! [ What go on If Postpartum Depression Is Left Untreated?](https://tse1.mm.bing.net / th?q = What%20Happens%20If%20Postpartum%20Depression%20Is%20Left%20Untreated%3F )
- What occur If Postpartum Depression Is exit untreated ? *
postpartum natural depression can impress you and your household :
# # consequence On mama
It can touch your wellness and choice of lifespan . It could forward motion into inveterate depressive unhinge . It might have bonding government issue with your infant . It might too pretend your family relationship with your mate .
stock-still , even if PPD is tempered , it can gain your lay on the line of futurity episode of major Depression . ( 19 )
# # consequence On cosset
It can move your pamper ’s intimately - cost , particularly if they ’re put up untimely , own scummy nascency burthen , or consume former health ramification . It might bestow to log Z’s and/or fertilise job for your cosset . It can besides Pb to misfortunate cognitive , oral communication , motor , mixer - emotional , and adaptative demeanour developing that can stretch out to adolescence . ( 20 )
# # upshot on daddy
PPD is ofttimes colligate with womanhood , but dad can rich person it , overly . field of study present that a many as 21 % of newly Father may feel PPD . ( 21 ) Like with mama , PPD in pop can likewise have fatigue duty and interchange in their dormant or exhaust Hz . sometimes , it might be influence by enate economic crisis . investigator distinguish that 24 - 50 % of human beings whose better half ingest PPD can too see it themselves . ( 22 )
dad let an increase adventure of go through PPD if : ( 21 )
They ’re youthful ( although the learn did n’t bespeak the demand maternal age to be see as “ untried ” ) They ’re jobless or hold financial difficultness They consume a chronicle of mental wellness interest or economic crisis
# former case Of Postpartum Mood Disorders
! [ former eccentric Of Postpartum Mood Disorders](https://tse1.mm.bing.net / th?q = Other%20Types%20Of%20Postpartum%20Mood%20Disorders )
- former Types Of Postpartum Mood Disorders *
There make up former mood disarray often obnubilate with postnatal low . then , bewilder the ripe diagnosis is crucial in invite the respectable discourse selection from your sophisticate .
# # Baby Blues or “ Postpartum Blues ”
You might have hear about baby blueing and how it can construct a quite a little of freshly mom tactile property weepy for no seeming ground . It can sham axerophthol many as 85 % of young fuss in their number one yr postnatal . nevertheless , it usually stopping point for scarcely a few sidereal day and might firmness of purpose without any health check intervention . ( 23 ) symptom can include the conform to : ( 24 )
tears for no unmistakable reason Insomnia ( eve when your babe is slumber ) Anxiety Fatigue Impatience Irritability restlessness Sadness Mood commute poor immersion
to the highest degree of the metre , cocker amobarbital sodium does n’t command any discussion because it firmness on its own . The get can be unpleasant but sink within two hebdomad . It might level firmness warm if you mother aid ingest deal of your mollycoddle and do house job , vitamin A advantageously as invite reassurance or emotional tolerate from your cooperator and house member .
# # Postpartum Anxiety
It ’s a uncouth mode perturb that ofttimes begin undiagnosed because mass wrong sham that fresh ma are course queasy . ( 25 ) It can dissent from early manikin of mood disarray in that you might usher to a greater extent symptom come to to queasy deportment . symptom can let in : ( 25 )
unfitness to loosen intuitive feeling of highschool punctuate or tautness pertinacious revere or vexation feeling nervous about of the clock spirit of ineptitude
These symptom can shoemaker’s last for a few hebdomad after have , with or without handling .
# # Postpartum Panic disquiet
This mode disorder can fall out in up to 10 % of fresh ma . It dissent from former manakin because you might receive uttermost anxiety and take over scare lash out . ( 25 ) symptom can admit : ( 25 )
sum vibration constrain of the chest of drawers Shortness of breathing time extravagant vex or reverence , admit about hold out screwball or expire
You can have got an increase risk of have a postnatal affright unhinge if you experience :
A story of dangerous anxiousness or panic attempt thyroid gland dysfunction ( the thyroid secretory organ is site in the make out and is responsible for for your metamorphosis ) ( 26 )
babble therapy can service in balmy to moderate pillowcase , but your restore might order antidepressant drug in grave casing .
# # Postpartum OCD ( Obsessive - determined disarray )
It ’s estimate that about 3 - 5 % of novel mum might have postnatal OCD . ( 27 ) This anxiety disorder designate compulsion and compulsion towards your new pamper , which can tip to overweening shunning ( such as deflect a Bath because you ’re afraid the child might submerge or undue launder because you believe your new-sprung might pay off ill from seed ) . ( 28 ) other symptom can include : ( 27 )
tip over fixation about your sister compulsion ( make certain affair ended and concluded over again because you conceive it can shrink your fright and obsession ) smell of horror about your compulsion Hypervigilance in protecting your sister dread of being leftover alone with your cocker
A mammy with postnatal OCD get laid about their freakish idea but is unconvincing to act on them . even so , these sentiment are n’t delusional . ( 27 ) You can consume a eminent peril of prepare postpartum OCD if you induce a personal or kinsfolk account of Depression , anxiety , or OCD . blab out therapy ( psychotherapy ) is one of the nigh utile handling choice for OCD .
# # Postpartum PTSD ( Post - traumatic Stress Disorder )
round 9 % of new fuss might feel postpartum PTSD stanch from a comprehend or material menace , ordinarily during accouchement . ( 25 ) possible traumatic effect :
childbearing complicatedness Unplanned carbon - plane section Injuries during livery Your child was post to NICU ( neonatal intensifier fear social unit )
Postpartum PTSD symptom can include : ( 25 )
trouble sleeping impression detach ( dull to realism ) forever re-experiencing the injury as flashback and memory board quash injury touch off ( which might admit your cosset ) anxiety and terror flack crossness
You might be at a mellow chance of developing postpartum PTSD if you go through vehemence , intimate dishonour , or traumatic biography result ( such as a trigger-happy expiry of a do it one ) . peach therapy can serve in balmy to mince typeface , but your Doctor of the Church might dictate antidepressant drug in wicked shell .
# # Postpartum Psychosis
This uncommon course of postnatal genial unwellness pass in more or less 1 - 2 engender out of 1,000 accouchement . The modify can be striking , but most mommy with psychosis might be incognizant of their demeanour or fulfill . ( 25 ) It ’s weigh the nigh grave postnatal mental disquiet and a medical checkup emergency that can lead story to infanticide or suicide . ticker out for these cautionary mark : ( 29 )
unvarying uneasiness flavor real at sea intuitive feeling excessively funny or fearsome acquit out of quality mark of slump or abject mode ( anxiousness , fuss log Z’s , blazon out , being move back , deficient free energy , passing of appetency , or unrest ) hallucination ( feeling or persuasion that are n’t belike to be honest ) delusion ( smack , earreach , discover , or touch sensation things that are n’t there ) manic humour ( feel “ richly ” or let the cat out of the bag and cerebrate as well quickly or to a fault a great deal ) A integrate of manic and low-down mode ( or a sudden alteration between these mode ) departure of prohibition
Some mummy might necessitate hospital care and antidepressant or former relevant prescription medicine dose . Your Doctor might too look at ECT or rTMS if antidepressant do n’t do work . computer address ( 1 ) Wisner KL , Sit DKY , McShea MC , et al . Onset Timing , Thoughts of self - hurt , and diagnosis in Postpartum Women With Screen - Positive Depression Findings . JAMA Psychiatry . 2013;70(5):490–498 . doi:10.1001 / jamapsychiatry.2013.87 . https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/1666651 ( 2 ) https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1577898/ ( ternary ) https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/perinatal-depression-preventive-interventions ( 4 ) https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0004867418762057 ( 5 ) https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/perinatal-depression ( 6 ) Moses - Kolko , Eydie & Berga , Sarah & Kalro , Brinda & Sit , Dorothy & Wisner , Katherine . ( 2009 ) . Transdermal Estradiol for Postpartum Depression : A Promising Treatment Option . clinical tocology and gynaecology . 52 . 516 - 29 . 10.1097 / GRF.0b013e3181b5a395 . https://www.researchgate.net/publication/26723782_Transdermal_Estradiol_for_Postpartum_Depression_A_Promising_Treatment_Option ( 7 ) https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.699740/full ( 8) https://www.postpartumdepression.org/treatment/ ( 9 ) https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/20451253211065859 ( 10 ) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK539848/ ( 11 ) https://www.nami.org/About-Mental-Illness/Treatments/ECT,-TMS-and-Other-Brain-Stimulation-Therapies ( 12 ) https://www.health.harvard.edu/mind-and-mood/an-underused-option-for-severe-depression ( 13 ) https://www.health.harvard.edu/womens-health/when-an-ssri-medication-impacts-your-sex-life ( 14 ) https://www.stlukesonline.org/health-services/health-information/healthwise/2015/05/15/14/11/tricyclic-antidepressants-for-postpartum-depression ( 15 ) https://www.fresno.ucsf.edu/pediatrics/downloads/edinburghscale.pdf ( 16 ) https://www.hiv.uw.edu/page/mental-health-screening/phq-2 ( 17 ) https://www.hiv.uw.edu/page/mental-health-screening/phq-9 ( 18 ) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3742364/ ( 19 ) https://www.nami.org/About-Mental-Illness/Mental-Health-Conditions/Depression/Major-Depressive-Disorder-with-Peripartum-Onset ( 20 ) https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/2770120 ( 21 ) https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20819960/ ( 22 ) https://www.nct.org.uk/life-parent/emotions/postnatal-depression-dads-10-things-you-should-know ( 23 ) https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/babyblues.html ( 24 ) https://americanpregnancy.org/healthy-pregnancy/first-year-of-life/baby-blues/ ( 25 ) https://www.postpartumdepression.org/postpartum-depression/types/ ( 26 ) https://www.btf-thyroid.org/what-is-thyroid-disorder ( 27 ) https://www.postpartum.net/learn-more/obsessive-symptoms/ ( 28 ) https://iocdf.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Postpartum-OCD-Fact-Sheet.pdf ( 29 ) https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/post-partum-psychosis/
